Soil Map of Brazil
Date: December 22, 1992
To: Recipient of Data for Soil Map of Brazil
From: Dr. Norman B. Bliss Tel: (605) 594-6034
Principal Scientist Fax: (605) 594-6589
Land Sciences Section email: bliss@dg1.cr.usgs.gov
EROS Data Center
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
Subject: Documentation of Data for Soil Map of Brazil
1. This file is distributed with the data as BRSOIL11D.README.
2. The MAPA DE SOLOS DO BRASIL was digitized at the U.S. Geological
Survey's EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
3. The data are distributed as an Arc/Info interchange file. Arc/Info
is a proprietary geographic information system software package
developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.,
Redlands, California.
4. The interchange file is named BRSOIL11D.E00 and was created using
the Arc/Info EXPORT command:
EXPORT COVER BRSOIL11D BRSOIL11D
5. The data can be read using the Arc/Info command:
IMPORT COVER BRSOIL11D BRSOIL11D
6. This will result in a coverage BRSOIL11D. The coverage is in
geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude).
The name connotes:
BR BRazil
SOIL SOIL
11 version 11 of the file
D Distribution format
7. The following files are present in the coverage, with the size in
bytes indicated (the size of the log file may differ):
arc 1647564
arx 62052
bnd 16
cnt 67680
cnx 22628
lab 90180
log 525
pal 269088
pat 67584
pax 22628
prj 567
tic 804
tol 96
8. The Arc/Info DESCRIBE command gives:
Arc: describe brsoil11d
Description of SINGLE precision coverage brsoil11d
ARCS POLYGONS
Arcs = 7744 Polygons = 2816
Segments = 167213 Polygon Topology is present.
0 bytes of Arc Attribute Data 24 bytes of Polygon Attribute Data
NODES POINTS
Nodes = 5278 Label Points = 2815
0 bytes of Node Attribute Data
TOLERANCES SECONDARY FEATURES
Fuzzy = 0.002 V Tics = 67
Dangle = 0.000 N Links = 0
COVERAGE BOUNDARY
Xmin = -73.978 Ymin = -33.776
Xmax = -29.296 Ymax = 5.240
STATUS
The coverage has not been Edited since the last BUILD or CLEAN.
COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Projection GEOGRAPHIC
Units DD Spheroid CLARKE1866
Parameters:
9. The following files are present in the INFO directory. The
INFO internal names may be different following IMPORT.
ENTER COMMAND >DIR
TYPE NAME INTERNAL NAME NO. RECS LENGTH EXTERNL
DF BRSOIL11D.TIC ARC000DAT 67 12 XX
DF BRSOIL11D.BND ARC001DAT 1 16 XX
DF BRSOIL11D.PAT ARC002DAT 2816 24 XX
DF BRSOIL11D.MU ARC003DAT 249 46
DF BRSOIL11D.COMP ARC004DAT 91 68
DF BRSOIL11D.MUGEN1 ARC005DAT 70 68
DF BRSOIL11D.MUGEN2 ARC006DAT 19 36
DF BRSOIL11D.EUTRO ARC007DAT 2 38
DF BRSOIL11D.DISTRO ARC008DAT 2 42
DF BRSOIL11D.TB ARC009DAT 2 122
DF BRSOIL11D.TA ARC010DAT 2 122
DF BRSOIL11D.NOTES ARC011DAT 14 182
DF BRSOIL11D.CREDITS ARC013DAT 47 62
The TIC, BND, and PAT files are part of the Arc/Info coverage. The
remainder of the files provide attributes, give definitions, and
explain the data set.
10. The BRSOIL11D.CREDITS table gives the title, author, and
legend explanations.
ENTER COMMAND >SELECT BRSOIL11D.CREDITS
47 RECORD(S) SELECTED
ENTER COMMAND >ITEMS
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.CREDITS 12/21/1992
2 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 TEXT 60 60 C -
61 SEQNUM 2 2 I -
ENTER COMMAND >LIST TEXT
$RECNO TEXT
1 SOIL MAP OF BRAZIL, Scale 1:5,000,000 1981
2
3 MAPA DE SOLOS DO BRAZIL
4 Escala 1:5,000,000
5 EMBRAPA
6 EMPRESA BRASILIERA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA
7 VINCULADA AO MINISTERIO DA AGRICULTURA
8 SERVICO NACIONAL DE LEVANTAMENTO E CONSERVACAO DE SOLOS
9
10 1981
11 PROJECAO POLICONICA
12 Planimetria baseada no mapa do brasil 1:5000000 1965 FIBGE
13
14 Coordenacao e planejamento por M.N. Camargo e execucao em
15 cojunto com J. Olmos I.L., F. Palmieri, T.E. Rodrigues,
16 P.K.T. Jacomine, E.P. Mothci, R.O. Potter,
17 A.P. de Carvalho, M.J. Rauen, H.G. dos Santos,
18 S.C.P. Pessoa, J.A.M. do Amaral.
19
20 Digitized at EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD, 57198, USA
21 Default distribution in geographic coordinates
22 (latitude-longitude).
23
24 Legend information: LEGENDA
25 As informacoes contidas no mapa so muito generalizadas.
26 A escala e bastante pequena e nao ha uniformidade de solo em
27 extensoes grandes. As unidades cartograficas sao no maioria
28 associacoes de varias unidades de solos; destas, somente as
29 principais vao especificadas em cada unidade cartografica,
30 sendo o registro ordenado segundo importancia de extensao
31 dos respectivos componentes principais das associacoes;
32 outras unidades de solo secundarias nao sao indicades.
33
34 A composicao das unidades cartograficas nao e inteiramente
35 constante em qualquer parte representada no mapa e tao pouco
36 e uniforme a precisao dos limites.
37
38 SIMBOLO CAR- SIMBOLIZACAO UNIDADES DE SOLO ASSOCIADAS
39 TOGRAPHICO E PORMENORIZADA PRINCIPAIS (note 2)
40 CODIFICACAO
41 CHROMATICA
42 (note 1)
43
44 Ade1 Ade + Gd SOLOS ALUVIAIS (note 3)
45 DISTROFICOS e EUTROFICOS
46 + SOLOS GLEY (note 3)
47 DISTROFICOS
11. The items in BRSOIL11D.PAT are:
ENTER COMMAND > SELECT BRSOIL11D.PAT
2816 RECORD(S) SELECTED
ENTER COMMAND > ITEMS
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.PAT 12/21/1992
5 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 AREA 4 12 F 3
5 PERIMETER 4 12 F 3
9 BRSOIL11D# 4 5 B -
13 BRSOIL11D-ID 4 5 B -
17 MAPUNIT 7 7 C -
ENTER COMMAND > LIST 1,10
$RECNO AREA PERIMETER BRSOIL11D# BRSOIL11D-ID MAPUNIT
1 -711.326 205.896 1 0
2 0.862 11.306 2 2 Rd5
3 0.217 5.538 3 3 Pd14
4 0.207 4.562 4 4 Pd14
5 1.270 18.650 5 10 Fd3
6 0.048 1.606 6 5 Rd1
7 0.149 3.263 7 7 Fde
8 0.161 2.861 8 11 Ws3
9 0.466 6.631 9 6 Pd7
10 0.075 1.700 10 8 Rd5
There is one record on the Polygon Attribute Table (PAT) for each
polygon in the data set. The MAPUNIT item is used to link to
additional attribute information through the BRSOIL11D.MU table.
12. The BRSOIL11D.MU table has one record for each map unit. It can
be related to the PAT using the MAPUNIT item:
SELECT BRSOIL11D.PAT
RELATE BRSOIL11D.MU 1 BY MAPUNIT
Each map unit can have up to four components. In addition, two
levels of Map Unit GENeralization (MUGEN1 and MUGEN2) are given.
A sequence number (SEQNUMMU) is used to organize the table in a
logical order.
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.MU 12/21/1992
8 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 MAPUNIT 7 7 C -
8 COMP1 7 7 C -
15 COMP2 7 7 C -
22 COMP3 7 7 C -
29 COMP4 7 7 C -
36 MUGEN1 7 7 C -
43 MUGEN2 1 1 C -
44 SEQNUMMU 3 3 I -
The first 15 records of the table are:
$RECNO MAPUNIT COMP1 COMP2 COMP3 COMP4 MUGEN1 MUGEN2 SEQNUMMU
1 Ade1 Ade Gd Ade1-2 A 1
2 Ade2 Ade Ws Ade1-2 A 2
3 Ae1 Ae CeTbTa Ae1-4 A 3
4 Ae2 Ae Ge Ae1-4 A 4
5 Ae3 Ae S Ae1-4 A 5
6 Ae4 Ae S V Ws Ae1-4 A 6
7 B1 B V B1-2 B 7
8 B2 B Wm V B1-2 B 8
9 Bv1 Bv PeTb Bv1-4 B 9
10 Bv2 Bv Re PeTb Bv1-4 B 10
11 Bv3 Bv V Ws Bv1-4 B 11
12 Bv4 Bv Wsm Re Bv1-4 B 12
13 Cd1 CdTb Cd1-5 C 13
14 Cd2 CdTb ChdTb Rde Cd1-5 C 14
15 Cd3 CdTb Lld Cd1-5 C 15
13. The component codes are expanded in the BRSOIL11D.COMP table.
A given component could occur in any of the component columns in
the mapunit table (BRSOIL11D.MU).
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.COMP 12/21/1992
8 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 COMP 7 7 C -
8 DISTRO 1 1 C -
9 EUTRO 1 1 C -
10 TA 1 1 C -
11 TB 1 1 C -
12 COMP.NAME 52 52 C -
64 NOTE1 2 2 I -
66 NOTE2 2 2 I -
** REDEFINED ITEMS **
1 COMP1 7 7 C -
1 COMP2 7 7 C -
1 COMP3 7 7 C -
1 COMP4 7 7 C -
The first two records are:
$RECNO COMP DISTRO EUTRO TA TB COMP.NAME NOTE1 NOTE2
1 Ade Y Y N N SOLOS ALUVIAIS DISTROFICOS E EUTROFICOS 3 0
2 Gd Y N N N SOLOS GLEY DISTROFICOS 3 0
14. One way of relating the component table to the map unit table would be:
SELECT BRSOIL11D.MU
RELATE BRSOIL11D.COMP 1 BY COMP1 RO
RELATE BRSOIL11D.COMP 2 BY COMP2 RO
RELATE BRSOIL11D.COMP 3 BY COMP3 RO
RELATE BRSOIL11D.COMP 4 BY COMP4 RO
To list the component names of the first four records, the following
command could be used:
ENTER COMMAND >LIST 1,4 MAPUNIT,COMP1,$1COMP.NAME,COMP2,$2COMP.NAME,COMP3,$3COMP.NAME,COMP4,$4COMP.NAME
1
MAPUNIT =Ade1
COMP1 =Ade
COMP.NAME =SOLOS ALUVIAIS DISTROFICOS E EUTROFICOS
COMP2 =Gd
COMP.NAME =SOLOS GLEY DISTROFICOS
COMP3 =
COMP.NAME =
COMP4 =
COMP.NAME =
2
MAPUNIT =Ade2
COMP1 =Ade
COMP.NAME =SOLOS ALUVIAIS DISTROFICOS E EUTROFICOS
COMP2 =Ws
COMP.NAME =PLANOSSOLO SOLODICO
COMP3 =
COMP.NAME =
COMP4 =
COMP.NAME =
3
MAPUNIT =Ae1
COMP1 =Ae
COMP.NAME =SOLOS ALUVIAIS EUTROFICOS
COMP2 =CeTbTa
COMP.NAME =CAMBISSOLO EUTROFICO TB E TA
COMP3 =
COMP.NAME =
COMP4 =
COMP.NAME =
4
MAPUNIT =Ae2
COMP1 =Ae
COMP.NAME =SOLOS ALUVIAIS EUTROFICOS
COMP2 =Ge
COMP.NAME =SOLOS GLEY EUTROFICOS
COMP3 =
COMP.NAME =
COMP4 =
COMP.NAME =
15. Many of the component names are labeled as dystrophic (poor
nutrition, low base saturation) or eutrophic (rich in nutrients,
high base saturation) or both. These are codified in the DISTRO and
EUTRO items. Two additional tables are provided to document the
definitions of these terms.
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.DISTRO 12/21/1992
2 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 DISTRO 1 1 C -
2 DISTRONAME 40 40 C -
$RECNO DISTRO DISTRONAME
1 Y Saturacao de bases a pH 7.0: < 50%
2 N Soil name does not contain DISTROFICO
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.EUTRO 12/21/1992
2 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 EUTRO 1 1 C -
2 EUTRONAME 37 37 C -
$RECNO EUTRO EUTRONAME
1 Y Saturacao de bases a pH 7.0: >= 50%
2 N Soil name does not contain EUTROFICO
These tables could be related to the component table as follows:
ENTER COMMAND >SELECT BRSOIL11D.COMP
91 RECORD(S) SELECTED
ENTER COMMAND >RELATE BRSOIL11D.DISTRO 1 BY DISTRO
ENTER COMMAND >RELATE BRSOIL11D.EUTRO 2 BY EUTRO
ENTER COMMAND >LIST COMP,DISTRO,$1DISTRONAME,EUTRO,$2EUTRONAME
1
COMP =Ade
DISTRO =Y
DISTRONAME =Saturacao de bases a pH 7.0: < 50%
EUTRO =Y
EUTRONAME =Saturacao de bases a pH 7.0: >= 50%
2
COMP =Gd
DISTRO =Y
DISTRONAME =Saturacao de bases a pH 7.0: < 50%
EUTRO =N
EUTRONAME =Soil name does not contain EUTROFICO
3
COMP =CeTbTa
DISTRO =N
DISTRONAME =Soil name does not contain DISTROFICO
EUTRO =Y
EUTRONAME =Saturacao de bases a pH 7.0: >= 50%
4
COMP =Ws
DISTRO =N
DISTRONAME =Soil name does not contain DISTROFICO
EUTRO =N
EUTRONAME =Soil name does not contain EUTROFICO
16. Many of the component names are labeled as Tb (low activity clay)
or Ta (high activity clay) or both. These are codified in the TB and
TA items. Two additional tables are provided to document the
definitions of these terms.
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.TB 12/21/1992
3 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 TB 1 1 C -
2 TBNAME1 60 60 C -
62 TBNAME2 60 60 C -
** REDEFINED ITEMS **
2 TBNAME 120 120 C -
1
TB =Y
TBNAME1 =Argila de atividade baixa: CTC (valor T) a pH 7.0:
TBNAME2 = < 24 meq/100g de argila deduzida contribuicao do carbono
2
TB =N
TBNAME1 =Soil name does not contain Tb
TBNAME2 =
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.TA 12/21/1992
3 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 TA 1 1 C -
2 TANAME1 60 60 C -
62 TANAME2 60 60 C -
** REDEFINED ITEMS **
2 TANAME 120 120 C -
1
TA =Y
TANAME1 =Argila de atividade alta: CTC (valor T) a pH 7.0:
TANAME2 = >= 24 meq/100g de argila deduzida contribuicao do carbono
2
TA =N
TANAME1 =Soil name does not contain Ta
TANAME2 =
17. Many of the component names are labeled with one or two footnotes.
These are codified in the NOTE1 and NOTE2 items. An additional table
is provided to document these footnotes. Note records 1 and 2
refer to the headings in the legend (see the BRSOIL11D.CREDITS file).
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.NOTES 12/21/1992
4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 NOTE 2 2 I -
3 TEXT1 60 60 C -
63 TEXT2 60 60 C -
123 TEXT3 60 60 C -
1
NOTE = 1
TEXT1 =Indicativos da unidade do solos dominante do associacao.
TEXT2 = Notacao numerica distintiva por associacao.
TEXT3 =
2
NOTE = 2
TEXT1 =Extensao individual estimada no minimo de 20% da unidade
TEXT2 = cartografica.
TEXT3 =
3
NOTE = 3
TEXT1 =Indistintamente Tb ou Ta;
TEXT2 = Rd Rde Re incluem afloramentos de rocha.
TEXT3 =
4
NOTE = 4
TEXT1 =Saturacao de Na+ de 6 a 15%;
TEXT2 = virtualment todos Ta.
TEXT3 =
5
NOTE = 5
TEXT1 =Virtualmente todos Ta;
TEXT2 = abrangem solos com fragipan ou duripan.
TEXT3 =
6
NOTE = 6
TEXT1 =Implicitamente eutroficos Ta;
TEXT2 = Rz inclui afloramentos de rocha.
TEXT3 =
7
NOTE = 7
TEXT1 =Prevalencia de horizonte A chernozemico;
TEXT2 = todos Ta.
TEXT3 =
8
NOTE = 8
TEXT1 =Prevalencia de horizonte A hiperproeminente;
TEXT2 = todos distroficos; Rh inclui afloramentos de rocha.
TEXT3 =
9
NOTE = 9
TEXT1 =Implicitamente Ta;
TEXT2 = sendo distrofico e com horizonte A hiperproeminente em Ph.
TEXT3 =
10
NOTE =10
TEXT1 =Incluidos possiveis Andossolos;
TEXT2 = igualmente para Rdel em Fernando de Noronha e Trindade.
TEXT3 =
11
NOTE =11
TEXT1 =Compreendidos solos de varzeas e de terras altas.
TEXT2 =
TEXT3 =
12
NOTE =12
TEXT1 =Solos diversos, mormente com B textural,
TEXT2 = contendo materiais lateriticos - indistintamente
TEXT3 = petrolinticos, litoplinticos ou petroferricos.
13
NOTE =13
TEXT1 =Afora solos salinos de mangues e imediacoes,
TEXT2 = abrangem variavelmente Solos Tiomorficos
TEXT3 = em potencial e Solos Tiomorficos.
14
NOTE =14
TEXT1 =Indistintamente distroficos ou eutroficos;
TEXT2 = incluem dunas.
TEXT3 =
18. In addition to using the detailed information by component, it
is sometimes desirable to use or plot generalizations of the
map units. Two sets of generalizations are provided by the
authors of the map, and these are coded as MUGEN1 and MUGEN2 on
the BRSOIL11D.MU table. The names associated with the MUGEN1
generalization are given in BRSOIL11D.MUGEN1. Two sequence
numbers are given. SEQNUM.LEGENDA reflects the order specified
in the synoptic legend, and SEQNUM.MUGEN1 provides an alphanumeric
sequence. The SORT command in INFO can be used to resequence the table.
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.MUGEN1 12/21/1992
4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 MUGEN1 7 7 C -
8 MUGEN1NAME 56 56 C -
64 SEQNUM.LEGENDA 2 2 I -
66 SEQNUM.MUGEN1 2 2 I -
The MUGEN1 and MUGEN1NAME items for the first 15 records are listed,
ordered in the SEQNUM.LEGENDA sequence:
Lvd1-12 LATOSSOLO VERMELHO - ESCURO DISTROFICO
Lvde LATOSSOLO VERMELHO - ESCURO DISTROFICO e EUTROFICO
Lve1-2 LATOSSOLO VERMELHO - ESCURO EUTROFICO
Lrd1-4 LATOSSOLO ROXO DISTROFICO
Lrde1-3 LATOSSOLO ROXO DISTROFICO e EUTROFICO
Lld1-12 LATOSSOLO VERMELHO - AMARELO DISTROFICO
Llde1-2 LATOSSOLO VERMELHO - AMARELO DISTROFICO e EUTROFICO
Lh1-4 LATOSSOLO HUMICO DISTROFICO
La1-8 LATOSSOLO AMARELO DISTROFICO
Lb1-2 LATOSSOLO BRUNO DISTROFICO
Trd TERRA ROXA ESTRUTURADA DISTROFICA
Trde TERRA ROXA ESTRUTURADA DISTROFICA e EUTROFICA
Tre1-4 TERRA ROXA ESTRUTURADA EUTROFICA
Tvde1-2 TERRA ROXA ESTRUTURADA SIMILAR DISTROFICA e EUTROFICA
Tve1-6 TERRA ROXA ESTRUTURADA SIMILAR EUTROFICA
19. A second generalization can be formed from the major headings in
the synoptic legend. These are coded as MUGEN2 on the
BRSOIL11D.MU table, and their names are recorded in the
BRSOIL11D.MUGEN2 table.
DATAFILE NAME: BRSOIL11D.MUGEN2 12/21/1992
4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 MUGEN2 1 1 C -
2 MUGEN2NAME 31 31 C -
33 SEQNUM.LEGENDA 2 2 I -
35 SEQNUM.MUGEN2 2 2 I -
$RECNO MUGEN2 MUGEN2NAME SEQNUM.LEGENDA SEQNUM.MUGEN2
1 L LATOSOLOS 1 9
2 T TERRAS ROXAS ESTRUTURADAS 2 15
3 P SOLOS PODZOLICOS 3 11
4 Z PODZOL 4 18
5 B BRUNIZENS 5 2
6 N SOLOS BRUNOS NAO CALCICOS 6 10
7 W PLANOSOLOS 7 17
8 S SOLONETZ - SOLODIZADO 8 14
9 H SOLOS SALINOS 9 7
10 C CAMBISSOLOS 10 3
11 F LATERITAS HIDROMORFICAS 11 5
12 G SOLOS GLEY 12 6
13 Q SOLOS ARENOQUARTZOSOS PROFUNDOS 13 12
14 V VERTISSOLOS 14 16
15 R SOLOS LITOLICOS 15 13
16 E REGOSSOLOS 16 4
17 A SOLOS ALLUVIAIS 17 1
18 I S. Concrecionarios Lateriticos 18 8
19 X Water 19 19
Although not on the map legend, a water code is included in the PAT,
MU, COMP, MUGEN1, and MUGEN2 tables.
20. Comments or suggestions from users of this data base are welcome.